See bruma on Wiktionary
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"third-person singular past historic of brumer"
],
"id": "en-bruma-fr-verb-seCLBVXD",
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[
"brumer",
"brumer#French"
]
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"t1": "bud"
},
"expansion": "brum n (“bud”) + -a (denominal suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From brum n (“bud”) + -a (denominal suffix).",
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{
"form": "brumaði",
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"form": "brumað",
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"form": "no-table-tags",
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"neuter",
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"form": "brumaðir",
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"masculine",
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]
},
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"form": "brumaðar",
"source": "conjugation",
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"feminine",
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]
},
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"form": "brumuð",
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"neuter",
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"form": "brumaðan",
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]
},
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"form": "brumaða",
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"accusative",
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"form": "brumað",
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"accusative",
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"form": "brumaða",
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"accusative",
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"form": "brumaðar",
"source": "conjugation",
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"accusative",
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},
{
"form": "brumuð",
"source": "conjugation",
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"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brumuðum",
"source": "conjugation",
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"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brumaðri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brumuðu",
"source": "conjugation",
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"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brumuðum",
"source": "conjugation",
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"dative",
"masculine",
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]
},
{
"form": "brumuðum",
"source": "conjugation",
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"dative",
"feminine",
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]
},
{
"form": "brumuðum",
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"dative",
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]
},
{
"form": "brumaðs",
"source": "conjugation",
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"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brumaðrar",
"source": "conjugation",
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"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
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"form": "brumaðs",
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"genitive",
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"form": "brumaðra",
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"genitive",
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},
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"form": "brumaðra",
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"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brumaðra",
"source": "conjugation",
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"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brumaði",
"source": "conjugation",
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"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brumaða",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brumaða",
"source": "conjugation",
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"neuter",
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{
"form": "brumuðu",
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"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
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{
"form": "brumuðu",
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"form": "brumuðu",
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{
"form": "brumaða",
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"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
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"form": "brumuðu",
"source": "conjugation",
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"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brumaða",
"source": "conjugation",
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"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brumuðu",
"source": "conjugation",
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"accusative",
"masculine",
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]
},
{
"form": "brumuðu",
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"accusative",
"feminine",
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]
},
{
"form": "brumuðu",
"source": "conjugation",
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"accusative",
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]
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{
"form": "brumaða",
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"dative",
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]
},
{
"form": "brumuðu",
"source": "conjugation",
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"dative",
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]
},
{
"form": "brumaða",
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"dative",
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]
},
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"form": "brumuðu",
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"dative",
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]
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"form": "brumuðu",
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"dative",
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"form": "brumuðu",
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"form": "brumaða",
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"genitive",
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"form": "brumuðu",
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"feminine",
"genitive",
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]
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{
"form": "brumaða",
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"genitive",
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]
},
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"form": "brumuðu",
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"genitive",
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]
},
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"form": "brumuðu",
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"feminine",
"genitive",
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]
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{
"form": "brumuðu",
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"genitive",
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]
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"to bud"
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[
"botany",
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],
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"intransitive",
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],
"topics": [
"biology",
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈprʏːma]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏːma"
}
],
"word": "bruma"
}
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"expansion": "",
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],
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{
"form": "brume",
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"plural"
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{
"args": {
"1": "f"
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"brù‧ma"
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"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"brù‧ma"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "brumaio"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "brumale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "brumesta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "brumoso"
}
],
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"_dis": "46 49 4",
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}
],
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{
"text": "(by extension) December"
}
],
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"the coldest period of winter; winter itself"
],
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[
"period",
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],
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"winter",
"winter"
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],
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],
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"mist, haze"
],
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[
"mist",
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],
[
"haze",
"haze"
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],
"tags": [
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],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈbru.ma/"
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{
"rhymes": "-uma"
}
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"expansion": "Spanish broma",
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],
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{
"form": "brume",
"tags": [
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]
}
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"1": "f"
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}
],
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{
"glosses": [
"shipworm"
],
"id": "en-bruma-it-noun-JG8scpj4",
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[
"shipworm",
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{
"ipa": "/ˈbru.ma/"
},
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"rhymes": "-uma"
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],
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{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "brūmāria"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Late-Latin"
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"word": "brūmōsus"
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],
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{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
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"word": "brumã"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "brumă"
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{
"lang": "Albanian",
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"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brymë"
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],
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{
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{
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],
"lang": "Italo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
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{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
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],
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"lang_code": "unknown"
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{
"lang": "Catalan",
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Occitan",
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"word": "bruma"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
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"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brume"
}
],
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],
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"lang_code": "unknown"
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{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aragonese",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "bruma"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "bruma"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "bruma"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "bruma"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "bruma"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
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"word": "brumar"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
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},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
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"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brymës"
}
],
"lang": "Balkano-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "brumâr"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la-vul",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "wintry season",
"word": "*brūmārius"
}
],
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{
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"2": "brevis"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"short\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"short\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mreǵʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"Caland system\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-us\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mréǵʰus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*breɣʷis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"brevis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"bruma\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"bruma\">",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Doublet of brevissima (“shortest”), superlative form of brevis (“short”), without reformation of the superlative ending; parallel e.g. to extrēmus (see -issimus for more). The winter solstice is the shortest day of the year.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brūma",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmae",
"links": [
[
"brūmae",
"brumae"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "brūma",
"links": [
[
"brūma",
"bruma#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmae",
"links": [
[
"brūmae",
"brumae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmae",
"links": [
[
"brūmae",
"brumae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmārum",
"links": [
[
"brūmārum",
"brumarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmae",
"links": [
[
"brūmae",
"brumae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmīs",
"links": [
[
"brūmīs",
"brumis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmam",
"links": [
[
"brūmam",
"brumam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmās",
"links": [
[
"brūmās",
"brumas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmā",
"links": [
[
"brūmā",
"bruma#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmīs",
"links": [
[
"brūmīs",
"brumis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūma",
"links": [
[
"brūma",
"bruma#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmae",
"links": [
[
"brūmae",
"brumae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brūma<1>"
},
"expansion": "brūma f (genitive brūmae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brūma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Calendar",
"orig": "la:Calendar",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The winter solstice is the first day of the new sun, and the last of the old",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 1.163",
"text": "Brūma novī prīma est veterisque novissima sōlis.",
"translation": "The winter solstice is the first day of the new sun, and the last of the old",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the winter solstice"
],
"id": "en-bruma-la-noun-KqbzGDEJ",
"links": [
[
"winter solstice",
"winter solstice"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Calendar",
"orig": "la:Calendar",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"winter, winter cold"
],
"id": "en-bruma-la-noun-wOL11ccl",
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) winter, winter cold"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbruː.ma]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbruː.ma]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "bruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pro",
"3": "bruma"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan bruma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "la",
"3": "bruma",
"t": "winter solstice, winter"
},
"expansion": "Latin bruma (“winter solstice, winter”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "brume"
},
"expansion": "French brume",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Occitan bruma, from Latin bruma (“winter solstice, winter”). Cognate with French brume.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brumas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "brumas",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{pl2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"9": "",
"cat2": "countable nouns",
"checkredlinks": "1",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bruma f (plural brumas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "bruma f (plural brumas)",
"name": "oc-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gascon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Languedocien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Limousin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 19 6 4 1 1 1 23 8 4 9 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 3 2 0 0 0 28 15 1 4 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 24 5 1 0 0 0 27 15 1 6 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 5 6 1 1 1 20 7 4 10 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 5 4 1 1 1 34 7 3 8 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "brumada"
},
{
"word": "brumatge"
},
{
"word": "brumèc"
},
{
"word": "brumèra"
},
{
"word": "brumor"
},
{
"word": "brumós"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fog"
],
"id": "en-bruma-oc-noun-sEIWVGBX",
"links": [
[
"fog",
"fog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Gascony, Languedoc, Limousin, Vivaro-alpine) fog"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Languedoc",
"Provençal"
],
"word": "nèbla"
},
{
"tags": [
"Languedoc"
],
"word": "tuba"
},
{
"tags": [
"Limousin"
],
"word": "braulhard"
},
{
"tags": [
"Languedoc",
"Limousin"
],
"word": "fum"
}
],
"tags": [
"Gascony",
"Languedoc",
"Limousin",
"Vivaro-Alpine",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-bruma.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-bruma.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-bruma.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-bruma.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-bruma.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Béarn"
]
}
],
"word": "bruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "bruma"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese bruma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "brūma"
},
"expansion": "Latin brūma",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese bruma, from Latin brūma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brumas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "bruma f (plural brumas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bru",
"ma"
]
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 3 2 0 0 0 28 15 1 4 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 24 5 1 0 0 0 27 15 1 6 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mist (water or other liquid finely suspended in air)"
],
"id": "en-bruma-pt-noun-pFroYGyx",
"links": [
[
"mist",
"mist"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "brumaceiro"
},
{
"word": "brumal"
},
{
"word": "brumoso"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cerração"
},
{
"word": "nevoeiro"
},
{
"word": "névoa"
},
{
"word": "neblina"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɾũ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɾu.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "bruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "brumă",
"3": "-a"
},
"expansion": "brumă + -a",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From brumă + -a.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a bruma 1st conjugation",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "brumează",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brumat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a-ez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a bruma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brumând",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "brumat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brumează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brumează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brumau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brumă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brumară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brumase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brumaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să brumeze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să brumeze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brumează",
"2": "brumat"
},
"expansion": "a bruma (third-person singular present brumează, past participle brumat) 1st conjugation",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"only": "3"
},
"name": "ro-conj-a-ez"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to have frost form"
],
"id": "en-bruma-ro-verb-inJfkWYK",
"links": [
[
"frost",
"frost"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
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},
"expansion": "Spanish broma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek βρῶμα (brôma). Cf. Spanish broma.",
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{
"form": "brume",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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],
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"brù‧ma"
],
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{
"parts": [
"brù‧ma"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"glosses": [
"shipworm"
],
"links": [
[
"shipworm",
"shipworm"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbru.ma/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uma"
}
],
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}
{
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"Latin entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
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"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
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"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
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"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
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"Pages with 8 entries",
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"Pages with etymology trees",
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"es:Winter",
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],
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{
"word": "brūmālis"
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{
"word": "brūmāria"
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{
"tags": [
"Late-Latin"
],
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}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
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},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
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},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brymë"
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],
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "bruma"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
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}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "broma"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "bruma"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brume"
}
],
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"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "brume"
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],
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"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "brume"
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"lang_code": "pro",
"word": "bruma"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aragonese",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "bruma"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "bruma"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "bruma"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "bruma"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "bruma"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
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"word": "brumar"
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{
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"lang_code": "ro",
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{
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"borrowed"
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],
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{
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{
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"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "brumâr"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la-vul",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "wintry season",
"word": "*brūmārius"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
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},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"short\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"short\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mreǵʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"Caland system\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-us\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mréǵʰus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*breɣʷis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"brevis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"bruma\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"bruma\">",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Doublet of brevissima (“shortest”), superlative form of brevis (“short”), without reformation of the superlative ending; parallel e.g. to extrēmus (see -issimus for more). The winter solstice is the shortest day of the year.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brūma",
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"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmae",
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[
"brūmae",
"brumae"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
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},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
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"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "brūma",
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[
"brūma",
"bruma#Latin"
]
],
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"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmae",
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[
"brūmae",
"brumae#Latin"
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],
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"plural"
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},
{
"form": "brūmae",
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[
"brūmae",
"brumae#Latin"
]
],
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"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmārum",
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[
"brūmārum",
"brumarum#Latin"
]
],
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"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmae",
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[
"brūmae",
"brumae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmīs",
"links": [
[
"brūmīs",
"brumis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmam",
"links": [
[
"brūmam",
"brumam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmās",
"links": [
[
"brūmās",
"brumas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmā",
"links": [
[
"brūmā",
"bruma#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmīs",
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[
"brūmīs",
"brumis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūma",
"links": [
[
"brūma",
"bruma#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "brūmae",
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[
"brūmae",
"brumae#Latin"
]
],
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"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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],
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{
"args": {
"1": "brūma<1>"
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"name": "la-ndecl"
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],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The winter solstice is the first day of the new sun, and the last of the old",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 1.163",
"text": "Brūma novī prīma est veterisque novissima sōlis.",
"translation": "The winter solstice is the first day of the new sun, and the last of the old",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the winter solstice"
],
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[
"winter solstice",
"winter solstice"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"winter, winter cold"
],
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) winter, winter cold"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbruː.ma]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbruː.ma]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "bruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"es:Weather",
"es:Winter"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "brumada"
},
{
"word": "brumatge"
},
{
"word": "brumèc"
},
{
"word": "brumèra"
},
{
"word": "brumor"
},
{
"word": "brumós"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pro",
"3": "bruma"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan bruma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "la",
"3": "bruma",
"t": "winter solstice, winter"
},
"expansion": "Latin bruma (“winter solstice, winter”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "brume"
},
"expansion": "French brume",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Occitan bruma, from Latin bruma (“winter solstice, winter”). Cognate with French brume.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brumas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
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"5": "",
"6": "{{{pl2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"9": "",
"cat2": "countable nouns",
"checkredlinks": "1",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bruma f (plural brumas)",
"name": "head"
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{
"args": {
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},
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],
"lang": "Occitan",
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"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Occitan terms derived from Latin",
"Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan",
"Occitan terms inherited from Latin",
"Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"fog"
],
"links": [
[
"fog",
"fog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Gascony, Languedoc, Limousin, Vivaro-alpine) fog"
],
"tags": [
"Gascony",
"Languedoc",
"Limousin",
"Vivaro-Alpine",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-bruma.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-bruma.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-bruma.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-bruma.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-bruma.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Béarn"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Languedoc",
"Provençal"
],
"word": "nèbla"
},
{
"tags": [
"Languedoc"
],
"word": "tuba"
},
{
"tags": [
"Limousin"
],
"word": "braulhard"
},
{
"tags": [
"Languedoc",
"Limousin"
],
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}
],
"word": "bruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
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"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
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"es:Winter"
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{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "bruma"
},
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"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "brūma"
},
"expansion": "Latin brūma",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese bruma, from Latin brūma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brumas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
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],
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{
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"bru",
"ma"
]
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"word": "brumaceiro"
},
{
"word": "brumal"
},
{
"word": "brumoso"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
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"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"mist (water or other liquid finely suspended in air)"
],
"links": [
[
"mist",
"mist"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cerração"
},
{
"word": "nevoeiro"
},
{
"word": "névoa"
},
{
"word": "neblina"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɾũ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɾu.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "bruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
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"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms suffixed with -a",
"Romanian verbs",
"Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation",
"Romanian verbs with subjunctive not given",
"es:Weather",
"es:Winter"
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "brumă",
"3": "-a"
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"expansion": "brumă + -a",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From brumă + -a.",
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{
"form": "a bruma 1st conjugation",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "brumează",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brumat",
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"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a-ez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a bruma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brumând",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "brumat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brumează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brumează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brumau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brumă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brumară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brumase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brumaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să brumeze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să brumeze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brumează",
"2": "brumat"
},
"expansion": "a bruma (third-person singular present brumează, past participle brumat) 1st conjugation",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"only": "3"
},
"name": "ro-conj-a-ez"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian impersonal verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to have frost form"
],
"links": [
[
"frost",
"frost"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(impersonal) to have frost form"
],
"tags": [
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to form frost, become covered in hoarfrost, rime"
],
"links": [
[
"frost",
"frost"
],
[
"hoarfrost",
"hoarfrost"
],
[
"rime",
"rime"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Spanish/uma",
"Rhymes:Spanish/uma/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with etymology texts",
"Spanish entries with etymology trees",
"Spanish entries with etymon",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Spanish terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mreǵʰ-",
"Spanish terms inherited from Latin",
"Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"es:Weather",
"es:Winter"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "abrumar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:brūma",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mreǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *mréǵʰusder.\nProto-Italic *breɣʷis\nLatin brevis\nLatin brūma\nSpanish bruma\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"short\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"short\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mreǵʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"Caland system\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-us\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*mréǵʰus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*breɣʷis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"brevis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"brūma\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"bruma\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"bruma\">\nInherited from Latin brūma.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mreǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *mréǵʰusder.\nProto-Italic *breɣʷis\nLatin brevis\nLatin brūma\nSpanish bruma\nInherited from Latin brūma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brumas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "bruma f (plural brumas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bru‧ma"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bru‧ma"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fog, mist, especially costal fog or haar"
],
"links": [
[
"fog",
"fog"
],
[
"mist",
"mist"
],
[
"haar",
"haar"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Spanish terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) winter"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "invierno"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɾuma/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbɾu.ma]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uma"
}
],
"word": "bruma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bruma meaning in All languages combined (31.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"bruma"
],
"section": "Icelandic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "bruma",
"trace": "started on line 4, detected on line 4"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"bruma"
],
"section": "Icelandic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "bruma",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 4"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"bruma"
],
"section": "Icelandic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "bruma",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.